Yize imvelaphi yamagama ingaba yigama elibanzi ngandlela thile, sinegama elithi onomastics ukukwazi ukuyenza incane. Kulokhu, kubhekiswa kumagama afanele. Amagama akhona futhi azoba ngabalingiswa bethu abaphambili, ezimpilweni zethu nasemsebenzini esiwukhombisa kule webhusayithi.
Kodwa noma sazi incazelo yangempela yegama elithi "onomastics ," alikwazanga ukuphela lapho. Lokho "okuningi" kuyimvelaphi kanye nemvelaphi yawo wonke amagama afanele esiwasebenzisayo—hhayi nje kuphela kubantu, kodwa nasezindaweni. Ngoba konke kunesiqalo! Uyafuna ukukwazi?
Yini i-Onomastics?
Uma sibhekisela kuleli gama, wonke umuntu ngokuqinisekile uyazi incazelo yalo. Singathi liyigatsha noma ingxenye yesichazamazwi —okungukuthi, iqoqo lonke noma iqembu lamagama ulimi olunawo. Kodwa endabeni ye-onomastiki, la magama abhekisela emagameni afanele, njengezibongo, kanye nalawo achaza izindawo, izitshalo, noma izenzakalo, njll. Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi igama elithi onomastiki livela esiGrekini futhi lingahunyushwa ngokuthi 'ubuciko bokwabela amagama noma ukuqamba'.
Ukuhlukaniswa noma amagatsha e-Onomastics
I-Anthroponymy
Elinye lamagatsha abaluleke kakhulu yi-anthroponymy, ebizwa nangokuthi i-anthropological onomastics . Ifunda amagama aqondile namagama omuntu siqu, okuhlanganisa nezibongo. Yiqiniso, kwamanye amasiko asendulo, igama elilodwa kuphela eliqondile noma elinikeziwe lalisetshenziswa ukuhlonza.
Kuthiwa amagama amaningi omuntu siqu avela kwamanye amabizo avamile. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukwazi incazelo yawo. Ukuze sithole, kufanele sibheke imvelaphi yegama elithi , njengoba lizositshela umlando waleli gama. Sinamagama omuntu siqu anemvelaphi yesiGreki, yesiRoma, yesiHebheru, yesiJalimane, kanye nesi-Arabhu.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, eminyakeni eminingi edlule, igama lomntwana lalivame ukuba amagama okuqala ubaba awakhuluma lapho embona . AmaRoma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukube ayengakhethi igama, ayezosebenzisa izinombolo.
I-Toponymy
Esinye isifundo ngaphakathi kwe-onomastics ukutadisha amagama ezindawo. Nakuba i-toponymy ingagcini nje ngamagama ezindawo, itholakala kaningi nase-anatomy kanye ne-biology. Leli gama lafakwa ngokusemthethweni esichazamazwini seRoyal Spanish Academy ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amagama ezindawo angatholakala nasemagama abantu. Kodwa-ke, futhi angamagama avelele ngokwezimfanelo noma izinto abhekisela kuzo. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi igama lendawo lingaveza izimfanelo zendawo ezungezile njengokungathi liwukuxhumana okungaqondakali, kodwa lokhu kuyimvelaphi yegama. Ngaphakathi kwe-toponymy, sithola ama-hydronym (imifula), ama-thalassonym (izilwandle nezilwandle), ama-oronym (amagama ezintaba), kanye nama-theonym (amagama onkulunkulu).
Bionymy
Kulesi simo, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi igxile ekufundweni kwamagama ezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi izilwane nezitshalo. Igama elithi Zoonymy libhekisela emagameni ezilwane, kuyilapho elithi phytonymy liphathelene namagama ezitshalo.
I-Odonimia
Vele, uma sikhuluma ngokuhlukaniswa kwamagama, asikwazi ukushiya eceleni ophethe imigwaqo, izikwele noma imigwaqo emikhulu. Njengoba bonke, kunalokho amagama abo, ezoba yingxenye yalokho okuthiwa yi-odonym. Leli gama futhi livela esiGrekini sasendulo futhi lingahunyushwa ngokuthi 'igama lendlela'.
Umlando wama-Onomastics ezweni lethu
Kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi izilimi eziningana zazikhulunywa eSpain, njengeCeltiberian neTartessian, phakathi kwezinye. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amasiko nokwehlukahlukana kwakukhona ezweni lakithi, okusishiya nemisindo ehlukahlukene, izinhlamvu, kanye nezimpande zamagama. Isibonelo, isiCastilian nesi-Iberia sabelana ngonkamisa abahlanu ababehlukanisa kwezinye izilimi zesiRomance, kanye nezinye izijobelelo ezingaveli esiLatinini, njenge--arro kanye ne--ueco.
Lapho amaRoma efika, aletha isiLatini futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ayefuna sibe ulimi oluvelele, okususa ngempumelelo ezinye izilimi ezikhulunywayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangezizukulwane, isiLatini saba ulimi olulodwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, kuthiwa isiBasque naso sasinda. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani amagama amaningi ezindawo namagama avela ku- Vulgar Latin , eyayihlanganisa zonke izilimi. Ukubheka emuva emlandweni kwembula imvelaphi yamagama amaningi.